Early detection of pollution-linked health risks must for vulnerable groups: Experts

Preventive health checks play a crucial role in identifying pollution-related risks early, especially for smokers, individuals with asthma, and those with existing heart or lung conditions. Spirometry is essential for anyone with asthma, a smoking history, or a chronic cough, as it helps measure lung function. Chest X-rays may be recommended when symptoms persist to detect signs of chronic inflammation or structural lung changes. Advanced tests like the FeNO (Fractional exhaled nitric oxide) assessment can identify early airway inflammation before significant damage occurs. Routine blood tests such as a Complete Blood Count help detect eosinophilia, inflammation, or infections, while HS-CRP and lipid profiles assess systemic inflammation and cardiac risk. For diabetics, monitoring HbA1c is important since pollution may worsen metabolic health. Additionally, regular peak flow monitoring at home enables individuals to track their daily lung function and detect early signs of deterioration.

For people who are frequently exposed to poor air quality, such as daily commuters and outdoor workers, regular diagnostics can play a vital role in early detection and risk management. Establishing baseline spirometry and repeating the test every six months helps track any decline in lung function over time. Pulse oximetry can be useful for individuals experiencing fatigue or breathlessness, as it helps monitor oxygen saturation levels. An annual chest evaluation is also recommended for those with chronic exposure to pollutants. By identifying subtle airway inflammation or reduced lung capacity early, timely intervention can help prevent the progression of conditions like COPD and reduce the risk of severe health complications.

Dr. Hinal Shah, Consultant Biochemist, Global (Mumbai) Reference Lab at Agilus Diagnostics, highlights that strategic preventive testing, especially for individuals with asthma, smoking history, chronic respiratory or cardiac conditions, outdoor workers, frequent commuters, the elderly, children and pregnant women, can detect deterioration early and prevent complications.